This study explores how Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus invades and survives within epithelial cells, contributing to latent endometritis in mares. The research, led by Associate Professor Bolette Skive (University of Copenhagen) and Professor Manfred Rohde (Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research), reveals three distinct bacterial invasion mechanisms and highlights their potential to form pili-like structures crucial for adhesion and early biofilm formation.

Conclusion
Latent endometritis significantly reduces the likelihood of pregnancy and poses a risk of embryonic loss if reactivated during gestation. Innovative tools like bActivate enable precise diagnosis and treatment of dormant infections, greatly improving fertility outcomes in problem mares.

This study examines antimicrobial tolerance in beta-hemolytic streptococci (BHS) from problem mares, highlighting persister cells that tolerate penicillin at 10,000 times the normal MIC. Using bActivate, dormant BHS were reactivated and successfully treated with systemic and intrauterine penicillin.

Conclusion
Dormant BHS are highly tolerant, but metabolically active bacteria are susceptible to antimicrobials. Activation-based diagnostics and treatment significantly improve outcomes in problem mares.

This document provides scientific and practical evidence supporting the use of bActivate for diagnosing and treating latent endometritis in problem mares. The study highlights the reactivation of dormant Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus infections in the uterine environment. bActivate enables accurate diagnostics and targeted antimicrobial treatments, significantly improving fertility outcomes in mares with chronic infections.

Conclusion
bActivate reactivates dormant infections, making them treatable with antibiotics. This innovative approach addresses the challenges of latent endometritis, reducing recurrence and increasing reproductive success in problem mares.

This study investigates the localization of Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus in the uterine tissue of mares with latent endometritis. Using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), the bacteria were identified deeply embedded in the endometrium, beyond the reach of traditional diagnostic methods like swabs.

Conclusion
S. zooepidemicus resides in the deeper layers of the endometrium in chronically infected mares, contributing to reduced fertility. Advanced diagnostic tools like bActivate are essential for precise detection and targeted treatment, significantly improving reproductive success.